GATE Overflow for GATE BT - Recent activity in General Biology

Answered: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 11

Sat, 12 Sep 2026 20:25:00 +0000

Answered: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 19

Sat, 12 Sep 2026 20:24:57 +0000

B,C,D

Answered: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 6

Sat, 05 Sep 2026 18:37:06 +0000

Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 53

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 07:33:06 +0000

In the process of generating a clonal mammalian cell line, a single cell was seeded in a well of a cell culture plate. After the first $48$ hours, one of the progeny cells underwent apoptosis due to a new mutation. If the doubling time of the cells is $24$ hours and no more cell death occurs, the total number of cells after a total of $7$ days from seeding will be $\_\_\_\_$. (answer in integer)

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 47

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 07:30:15 +0000

The electron equivalent per liter (e-eq $\mathrm{L}^{-1}$ ) of acetate ion solution of concentration $10 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{~L}^{-1}$ is $\_\_\_\_$ $\mathrm{e}^{-} \mathrm{eq} \mathrm{L}^{-1}$. (rounded off to one decimal place)

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 38

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 07:11:16 +0000

Which of the following is/are posttranslational modification(s) involved in epigenetic control of gene expression?

Arginine methylation
Lysine acetylation
Cytosine methylation
Cytosine deamination

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 33

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 07:09:46 +0000

The RNA sequence below depicts the part of a $330$ nucleotides long $\text{mRNA}$ and it encodes the $\text{C}$-terminal portion of a protein.

$5^{\prime}-\ldots \ldots$ $\text{AAC ACC ACG ACC CAU GUG GCG AGA CGG UAG}$ - $3^{\prime}$

A mutation was identified in this $\text{RNA}$ denoted as $322 \mathrm{~A} \rightarrow \mathrm{U}$. This nucleotide change is represented by which of the following class(es) of mutation?

Missense mutation
Non-sense mutation
Transversion mutation
Silent mutation

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 32

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 07:09:13 +0000

Messenger $\text{RNAs (mRNAs)}$ translate to generate polypeptides and the translation terminates at the $\text{UGA, UAG}$ or $\text{UAA}$ stop codons. The $\text{AGA}$ codon acts as additional stop codon in the mitochondria. The longest possible polypeptide(s) that can be hypothetically translated in the cytosol and/or mitochondria, from the given full length $\text{mRNA}$ sequence ($36$ nucleotides) is/are

$\text{5'-AACACCAUGACCCAUGUGGCGAGACGGUAGUUAAAA- 3'}$

$7$ amino acids long in the cytosol
$5$ amino acids long in the mitochondria
$6$ amino acids long in the mitochondria
$8$ amino acids long in the cytosol

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 30

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 07:06:08 +0000

By elemental analysis of a biomass sample, it was found that the cells in the given sample are composed of (by weight) $\mathrm{C}=50 \%, \mathrm{H}=8 \%, \mathrm{O}=20 \%, \mathrm{~N}=10 \%$ and ash content $=12 \%$. Which of the following is the correct empirical formula of the ashfree cells, normalized with respect to Nitrogen?

$\mathrm{C}_{5.8} \mathrm{H}_{11.2} \mathrm{O}_{1.7} \mathrm{~N}$
$\mathrm{C}_{5.0} \mathrm{H}_{10.2} \mathrm{O}_{1.1} \mathrm{~N}$
$\mathrm{C}_{6.8} \mathrm{H}_{12.2} \mathrm{O}_{2.1} \mathrm{~N}$
$\mathrm{C}_{4.8} \mathrm{H}_{9.2} \mathrm{O}_{3.1} \mathrm{~N}$

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 29

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 07:05:45 +0000

Match the biomolecules in Column $\text{I}$ with their function given in Column $\text{II}$

\[
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline
\text{Column I} & \text{Column II} \\
\hline
\text{P. Lectins} & 1.\ \text{Acts as ATP dependent pump to efflux out small molecules} \\
\hline
\text{Q. P-glycoprotein} & 2.\ \text{Targets lysosomal enzymes to their destination} \\
\hline
\text{R. Digitoxigenin} & 3.\ \text{Specific carbohydrate binding proteins} \\
\hline
\text{S. Mannose 6-phosphate} & 4.\ \text{Inhibits }\mathrm{Na}^{+}\!-\!\mathrm{K}^{+}\text{ pump} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

$\text{P-3; Q-2; R-1; S-4}$
$\text{P-1; Q-3; R-4; S-2}$
$\text{P-2; Q-1; R-3; S-4}$
$\text{P-3; Q-1; R-4; S-2}$

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 27

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 07:04:32 +0000

Match the immunological terms in $\textbf{Column I}$ with their function/description in the $\textbf{Column II}$

\[
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline
\textbf{Column I} & \textbf{Column II} \\
\hline
\text{P. } J\ \text{gene} & 1.\ \text{Suppresses immune system by blocking calcineurin} \\
\hline
\text{Q. Cyclosporin} & 2.\ \text{Antibody binding site on a large molecule} \\
\hline
\text{R. Epitope} & 3.\ \text{Small foreign molecule which elicits an immune response only} \\
& \text{when combined with a carrier molecule} \\
\hline
\text{S. Hapten} & 4.\ \text{Contributes to antibody diversity} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

$\text{P-3; Q-4; R-2; S-1}$
$\text{P-2; Q-4; R-1; S-3}$
$\text{P-4; Q-1; R-2; S-3}$
$\text{P-1; Q-3; R-4; S-2}$

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 25

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 07:02:38 +0000

You have purified an enzyme using a series of chromatographic methods. It was observed that a $10 ~\mu \mathrm{g} \mathrm{~mL}^{-1}$ of this purified enzyme converted $10$ mM substrate per hour at $25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$ and pH $7$. Its specific activity is $\_\_\_\_$ $\mathrm{IU} \mu_{\mathrm{g}}{ }^{-1}$. (rounded off to three decimal places)

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 23

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 07:01:14 +0000

To determine the viable cell count of a bacterial culture, you have plated $50 ~\mu \mathrm{~L}$ of a $100$ -fold diluted sample of the culture on a nutrient agar plate and obtained $20$ colonies after overnight incubation. The viable cell count of the culture is $\_\_\_\_$ $\mathrm{CFU} \mathrm{mL}^{-1}$. (answer in integer)

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 22

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 07:00:53 +0000

You are characterizing a new enzyme isolated and purified in the laboratory. If the maximum velocity of the enzyme is $1800 ~\mu$ moles $\mathrm{L}^{-1} \mathrm{~min}^{-1}$ and the total concentration of the enzyme in the reaction mixture is $1.5 ~\mu \mathrm{M}$, then the turnover number of the enzyme is $\_\_\_\_$ $\mathrm{s}^{-1}$. (answer in integer)

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 20

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 06:57:44 +0000

BLAST and its extensions can be used to determine similarity of a query protein sequence with which of the following database(s)?

A database of translated nucleotide sequences
A database of binding ligands and small translated peptides
A database of protein structures
A database of binding, linking and self-assembling proteins

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 13

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 06:55:19 +0000

Match the carbohydrates in Column $\text{I}$ with the correct glycosidic linkages involved in Column $\text{II}$.

\[
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline
\text{Column I} & \text{Column II} \\
\hline
\text{P. Amylose} & 1.\ \beta(1 \rightarrow 4) \\
\hline
\text{Q. Sucrose} & 2.\ \alpha(1 \rightarrow 4) \\
\hline
\text{R. Amylopectin} & 3.\ \alpha 1 \rightarrow \beta 2 \\
\hline
\text{S. Cellulose} & 4.\ \alpha(1 \rightarrow 4),\ \alpha(1 \rightarrow 6) \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

$\text{P-4; Q-3; R-2; S-1}$
$\text{P-2; Q-1; R-4; S-3}$
$\text{P-2; Q-3; R-4; S-1}$
$\text{P-1; Q-3; R-4; S-2}$

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 12

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 06:54:42 +0000

The RNA primer synthesized during bacterial DNA replication is removed by $\_\_\_\_$.

DNA gyrase
DNA Polymerase $\text{I}$
Primase
DNA Polymerase $\text{III}$

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 10

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 06:46:00 +0000

Which one of the following antibiotics blocks protein chain elongation by preventing the action of peptidyl transferase?

Bleomycin
Rifampicin
Chloramphenicol
Tetracycline

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 9

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 06:45:35 +0000

Which one of the following proteins would elute third in gel filtration chromatography from a mixture of four proteins given below?

Insulin $(6 \text{ kDa})$
Myoglobin $(17 \text{ kDa})$
Thrombin $(37 \text{ kDa})$
Albumin $(66 \text{ kDa})$

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 8

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 06:44:09 +0000

For monoclonal antibody production, hypoxanthine $\_\_\_\_$.

allows DNA synthesis in the absence of de novo dTMP synthesis
allows purine synthesis in cells containing HGPRT
induces cell fusion
prevents de novo nucleotide synthesis

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 7

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 06:43:51 +0000

In nitrogen fixation, to reduce nitrogen to ammonia, which one of the following shows the correct order of electron flow?

Ferredoxin → reductase → nitrogenase
NADH → reductase → nitrogenase
Ferredoxin → nitrogenase → reductase
Reductase → NADH → nitrogenase

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 4

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 06:42:15 +0000

Cancer cells display a high level of heterogeneity in the expression of TP$53$ protein. Which of the following techniques can be directly used to determine the intratumoral heterogeneity of TP$53$ expression in a given tumor sample, without resorting to additional cell separation techniques?

Immunoblotting
Flow cytometry
ELISA
Quantitative RT-PCR

Answered: GATE BT 2024 | Question: 48

Wed, 04 Feb 2026 18:56:59 +0000

13.2

Answered: GATE BT 2024 | Question: 26

Wed, 04 Feb 2026 18:56:58 +0000

Answered: GATE BT 2024 | Question: 24

Wed, 04 Feb 2026 18:56:56 +0000

1.38

Answered: GATE BT 2024 | Question: 11

Wed, 04 Feb 2026 18:56:55 +0000

Answered: GATE BT 2024 | Question: 5

Wed, 04 Feb 2026 18:56:53 +0000

Answered: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 26

Wed, 04 Feb 2026 18:56:50 +0000

Answered: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 18

Wed, 04 Feb 2026 18:56:40 +0000

0.23

Answered: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 2

Wed, 04 Feb 2026 18:56:27 +0000

Answered: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 1

Wed, 04 Feb 2026 18:56:16 +0000

Answered: GATE BT 2023 | Question: 10

Wed, 04 Feb 2026 18:56:01 +0000

Answered: GATE BT 2024 | Question: 12

Sat, 13 Dec 2025 20:32:00 +0000

sf9

Answered: GATE BT 2022 | Question: 12

Wed, 01 Oct 2025 19:46:00 +0000

Isoprene

Answered: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 8

Sun, 21 Sep 2025 12:41:03 +0000

Answered: GATE2014-20

Thu, 07 Aug 2025 17:48:30 +0000

innatee immunity

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 54

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 14:31:44 +0000

An NMR spectrometer operating at proton resonance frequency $(v)$ of $1 \: \mathrm{GHz}$ will have a magnetic field strength of $\_\_\_\_$ Tesla (T).

The gyromagnetic ratio for proton, $\gamma=2.675 \times 10^{8} \mathrm{~T}^{-1} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$
(Round off to one decimal place)

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 50

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 14:29:21 +0000

The percentage of light that would pass through a sample with an absorbance of $2$ would be $\_\_\_\_\_$ $\%$ .

(Round off to the nearest integer)

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 46

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 14:26:54 +0000

Which of the following amino acids contain(s) two chiral carbons?

L-Leucine
L-Threonine
L-Isoleucine
L-Asparagine

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 42

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 13:52:59 +0000

Which of the following statements is/are true about telomerase?

Telomerase has $5^{\prime}-3^{\prime}$ DNA-dependent DNA polymerisation activity
Telomerase has $5^{\prime}-3^{\prime}$ RNA-dependent DNA polymerisation activity
Telomerase contains an RNA subunit
Telomerase has $3^{\prime}-5^{\prime}$ DNA-dependent DNA polymerisation activity

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 41

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 13:52:11 +0000

Which of the following proteins is/are involved in intraflagellar transport?

Microtubules
Myosin
Actin
Kinesin

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 40

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 13:51:28 +0000

Which of the following statements about initiation of DNA replication in eukaryotes is/are true?

DNA replication is initiated at the origin of replication licensed by loading of Mcm helicase complex
Loading of Mcm helicase complex takes place in S phase
Mcm helicase complex are activated by S-Cdks
Mcm helicase complex is responsible for loading of origin recognition complex

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 39

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 13:50:03 +0000

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the effect of the concentration of metabolic intermediates on glycolysis in erythrocytes?

Increased AMP levels stimulate glycolysis
Increased citrate inhibits glycolysis
Increased glucose $6$-phosphate inhibits glycolysis
Increased fructose $1,6$-bisphosphate stimulates glycolysis

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 37

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 13:46:57 +0000

Correctly match the following Bioinformatic tool/Database with its respective Utility.

\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \textbf{Bioinformatic tool/Database} & \textbf{Utility} \\
\hline \text{P. BLAST} & 1. \text{Database for 3D protein structures} \\
\hline \text{Q. Bowtie} & 2. \text{Tool to identify similarity of a query} \\ & \text{sequence to existing sequences} \\ & \text{ available in databanks} \\
\hline \text{R. AlphaFold} & 3. \text{Tool to align short read DNA sequences} \\ &
\text{obtained from Next-generation} \\ & \text{sequencing to a reference genome} \\
\hline \text{S. PDB} & 4. \text{AI tool to predict protein structures} \\ \hline
\end{array}

$\mathrm{P}-2 ; \mathrm{Q}-3 ; \mathrm{R}-1 ; \mathrm{S}-4$
$\mathrm{P}-2 ; \mathrm{Q}-3 ; \mathrm{R}-4 ; \mathrm{S}-1$
$\mathrm{P}-3 ; \mathrm{Q}-2 ; \mathrm{R}-4 ; \mathrm{S}-1$
$\mathrm{P}-4 ; \mathrm{Q}-1 ; \mathrm{R}-2 ; \mathrm{S}-3$

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 31

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 13:35:56 +0000

Correctly match the Coenzyme with its respective involvement in a specific Reaction type.
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \textbf{Coenzyme } & \textbf{Reaction type} \\
\hline \text{P. Thiamine pyrophosphate} & 1. \text{Acyl group transfer} \\
\hline \text{Q. Tetrahydrofolate} & 2. \text{Transfer of one carbon group} \\
\hline \text{R. Flavin adenine dinucleotide} & 3. \text{Transfer of methyl group} \\
\hline S. \text{5'-Deoxyadenosyl cobalamin} & 4. \text{Oxidation-reduction} \\
\hline & 5. \text{Aldehyde transfer} \\
\hline
\end{array}

$\mathrm{P}-5 ; \mathrm{Q}-2 ; \mathrm{R}-4 ; \mathrm{S}-3$
$\mathrm{P}-5 ; \mathrm{Q}-1 ; \mathrm{R}-2 ; \mathrm{S}-3$
$\mathrm{P}-1 ; \mathrm{Q}-2 ; \mathrm{R}-4 ; \mathrm{S}-5$
$\mathrm{P}-5 ; \mathrm{Q}-3 ; \mathrm{R}-1 ; \mathrm{S}-2$

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 30

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 13:26:45 +0000

Correctly match the Enzyme with its respective Function.
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \textbf{ Enzyme } & \textbf{ Function } \\
\hline \text{P. Gyrase} & 1. \text{Removes a damaged base} \\ & \text{by cleaving the bond} \\ &
\text{between sugar and base} \\
\hline \text{Q. Deadenylase} & 2. \text{Provides a swivel allowing one DNA} \\ & \text{strand to rotate around the other} \\
\hline \text{R. Glycosylase} & 3. \text{Catalyses bond formation between 3'-OH} \\ & \text{and 5'-phosphate end of nucleotides in duplex DNA} \\
\hline \text{S. DNA ligase} & 4. \text{Is an exoribonuclease that removes} \\ & \text{the poly(A) tail} \\ \hline
\end{array}

$\mathrm{P}-2 ; \mathrm{Q}-4 ; \mathrm{R}-1 ; \mathrm{S}-3$
$\mathrm{P}-1 ; \mathrm{Q}-4 ; \mathrm{R}-2 ; \mathrm{S}-3$
$\mathrm{P}-2 ; \mathrm{Q}-1 ; \mathrm{R}-4 ; \mathrm{S}-3$
$\mathrm{P}-3 ; \mathrm{Q}-2 ; \mathrm{R}-1 ; \mathrm{S}-4$

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 29

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 13:25:48 +0000

Correctly match the type of Hypersensitivity reaction with its respective Example.
$$\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \textbf{Hypersensitivity reaction} & \textbf{Example} \\
\hline \text{P. Type I} & 1. \text{Tuberculin reaction} \\
\hline \text{Q. Type II} & 2. \text{Arthus reaction} \\
\hline \text{R. Type III} & 3. \text{Chronic urticaria} \\
\hline \text{S. Type IV} & 4. \text{Systemic anaphylaxis} \\
\hline
\end{array}$$

$\mathrm{P}-3 ; \mathrm{Q}-4 ; \mathrm{R}-2 ; \mathrm{S}-1$
$\mathrm{P}-4 ; \mathrm{Q}-3 ; \mathrm{R}-1 ; \mathrm{S}-2$
$\mathrm{P}-4 ; \mathrm{Q}-3 ; \mathrm{R}-2 ; \mathrm{S}-1$
$\mathrm{P}-2 ; \mathrm{Q}-3 ; \mathrm{R}-4 ; \mathrm{S}-1$

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 28

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 13:24:21 +0000

An octapeptide composed of these $L$-amino acids - Lys, Thr, Ser, Met, Arg, Trp, Tyr, Glu - was subjected to analyses with the following outcomes:

$\text{P}$. The N-terminal sequencing analysis by Sanger's method yielded 'Ser' at the $N$ -terminus.

$\text{Q}$. Chymotrypsin treatment gave a pentapeptide, a 'Tyr' containing dipeptide and a free 'Glu'.

$\text{R}$. Cyanogen bromide treatment gave two tetrapeptides.

$\text{S}$. Trypsin treatment gave two tripeptides and a dipeptide

Which one of the following is the correct octapeptide sequence?

Ser-Tyr-Arg-Met-Lys-Thr-Trp-Glu
Ser-Arg-Lys-Met-Tyr-Thr-Trp-Glu
Ser-Met-Lys-Arg-Thr-Tyr-Trp-Glu
Ser-Arg-Met-Lys-Trp-Thr-Tyr-Glu

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 27

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 13:22:26 +0000

Correctly match the Inhibitor with its respective Function in mitochondrial respiration.

\[
\begin{array}{|l|}

\hline
\begin{array}{l|l}
\textbf{Inhibitor} & \textbf{Function} \\
\hline
\text{P. FCCP} & \text{1. Inhibits cytochrome c oxidase } \\ \hline
\text{Q. Cyanide} & \text{2. Makes the membrane permeable of protons}\\ \hline
\text{R. Oligomycin A} & \text{3. Blocks mitochondrial uptake of succinate} \\ \hline
\text{S. Butyl malonates} & \text{4. Inhibits ATP synthase} \\ \hline
\end{array} \\
\end{array}
\]

$\mathrm{P}-2 ; \mathrm{Q}-1 ; \mathrm{R}-4 ; \mathrm{S}-3$
$\mathrm{P}-2 ; \mathrm{Q}-3 ; \mathrm{R}-1 ; \mathrm{S}-4$
$\mathrm{P}-2 ; \mathrm{Q}-4 ; \mathrm{R}-3 ; \mathrm{S}-1$
$\mathrm{P}-3 ; \mathrm{Q}-1 ; \mathrm{R}-2 ; \mathrm{S}-4$

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 22

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 13:14:26 +0000

Within the Michaelis-Menten framework, the ratio of $v_{0} / V_{\max }$ when $[\mathrm{S}]=20 \times K_{\mathrm{m}}$ is $\_\_\_\_\_$

(Round off to two decimal places)