GATE Overflow for GATE BT - Recent activity in Biochemistry

Answered: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 11

Sat, 12 Sep 2026 20:25:00 +0000

Answered: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 6

Sat, 05 Sep 2026 18:37:06 +0000

Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 30

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 07:06:08 +0000

By elemental analysis of a biomass sample, it was found that the cells in the given sample are composed of (by weight) $\mathrm{C}=50 \%, \mathrm{H}=8 \%, \mathrm{O}=20 \%, \mathrm{~N}=10 \%$ and ash content $=12 \%$. Which of the following is the correct empirical formula of the ashfree cells, normalized with respect to Nitrogen?

$\mathrm{C}_{5.8} \mathrm{H}_{11.2} \mathrm{O}_{1.7} \mathrm{~N}$
$\mathrm{C}_{5.0} \mathrm{H}_{10.2} \mathrm{O}_{1.1} \mathrm{~N}$
$\mathrm{C}_{6.8} \mathrm{H}_{12.2} \mathrm{O}_{2.1} \mathrm{~N}$
$\mathrm{C}_{4.8} \mathrm{H}_{9.2} \mathrm{O}_{3.1} \mathrm{~N}$

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 22

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 07:00:53 +0000

You are characterizing a new enzyme isolated and purified in the laboratory. If the maximum velocity of the enzyme is $1800 ~\mu$ moles $\mathrm{L}^{-1} \mathrm{~min}^{-1}$ and the total concentration of the enzyme in the reaction mixture is $1.5 ~\mu \mathrm{M}$, then the turnover number of the enzyme is $\_\_\_\_$ $\mathrm{s}^{-1}$. (answer in integer)

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 13

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 06:55:19 +0000

Match the carbohydrates in Column $\text{I}$ with the correct glycosidic linkages involved in Column $\text{II}$.

\[
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline
\text{Column I} & \text{Column II} \\
\hline
\text{P. Amylose} & 1.\ \beta(1 \rightarrow 4) \\
\hline
\text{Q. Sucrose} & 2.\ \alpha(1 \rightarrow 4) \\
\hline
\text{R. Amylopectin} & 3.\ \alpha 1 \rightarrow \beta 2 \\
\hline
\text{S. Cellulose} & 4.\ \alpha(1 \rightarrow 4),\ \alpha(1 \rightarrow 6) \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

$\text{P-4; Q-3; R-2; S-1}$
$\text{P-2; Q-1; R-4; S-3}$
$\text{P-2; Q-3; R-4; S-1}$
$\text{P-1; Q-3; R-4; S-2}$

Answered: GATE BT 2022 | Question: 12

Wed, 01 Oct 2025 19:46:00 +0000

Isoprene

Answered: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 8

Sun, 21 Sep 2025 12:41:03 +0000

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 46

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 14:26:54 +0000

Which of the following amino acids contain(s) two chiral carbons?

L-Leucine
L-Threonine
L-Isoleucine
L-Asparagine

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 39

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 13:50:03 +0000

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the effect of the concentration of metabolic intermediates on glycolysis in erythrocytes?

Increased AMP levels stimulate glycolysis
Increased citrate inhibits glycolysis
Increased glucose $6$-phosphate inhibits glycolysis
Increased fructose $1,6$-bisphosphate stimulates glycolysis

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 31

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 13:35:56 +0000

Correctly match the Coenzyme with its respective involvement in a specific Reaction type.
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \textbf{Coenzyme } & \textbf{Reaction type} \\
\hline \text{P. Thiamine pyrophosphate} & 1. \text{Acyl group transfer} \\
\hline \text{Q. Tetrahydrofolate} & 2. \text{Transfer of one carbon group} \\
\hline \text{R. Flavin adenine dinucleotide} & 3. \text{Transfer of methyl group} \\
\hline S. \text{5'-Deoxyadenosyl cobalamin} & 4. \text{Oxidation-reduction} \\
\hline & 5. \text{Aldehyde transfer} \\
\hline
\end{array}

$\mathrm{P}-5 ; \mathrm{Q}-2 ; \mathrm{R}-4 ; \mathrm{S}-3$
$\mathrm{P}-5 ; \mathrm{Q}-1 ; \mathrm{R}-2 ; \mathrm{S}-3$
$\mathrm{P}-1 ; \mathrm{Q}-2 ; \mathrm{R}-4 ; \mathrm{S}-5$
$\mathrm{P}-5 ; \mathrm{Q}-3 ; \mathrm{R}-1 ; \mathrm{S}-2$

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 27

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 13:22:26 +0000

Correctly match the Inhibitor with its respective Function in mitochondrial respiration.

\[
\begin{array}{|l|}

\hline
\begin{array}{l|l}
\textbf{Inhibitor} & \textbf{Function} \\
\hline
\text{P. FCCP} & \text{1. Inhibits cytochrome c oxidase } \\ \hline
\text{Q. Cyanide} & \text{2. Makes the membrane permeable of protons}\\ \hline
\text{R. Oligomycin A} & \text{3. Blocks mitochondrial uptake of succinate} \\ \hline
\text{S. Butyl malonates} & \text{4. Inhibits ATP synthase} \\ \hline
\end{array} \\
\end{array}
\]

$\mathrm{P}-2 ; \mathrm{Q}-1 ; \mathrm{R}-4 ; \mathrm{S}-3$
$\mathrm{P}-2 ; \mathrm{Q}-3 ; \mathrm{R}-1 ; \mathrm{S}-4$
$\mathrm{P}-2 ; \mathrm{Q}-4 ; \mathrm{R}-3 ; \mathrm{S}-1$
$\mathrm{P}-3 ; \mathrm{Q}-1 ; \mathrm{R}-2 ; \mathrm{S}-4$

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 16

Sun, 01 Jun 2025 19:09:04 +0000

Which of the following compounds have the same degree of reduction per carbon-mole?

Glucose
Lactic acid
Acetic acid
Formic acid

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 14

Sun, 01 Jun 2025 19:07:56 +0000

Which of the following show(s) optical activity at $100 \: \mathrm{mM}$ concentration in water?

Solution of NaCl
Solution of D-Glucose
Solution of Glycine
Solution of L-Proline

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 7

Sun, 01 Jun 2025 19:02:50 +0000

Which one of the following coenzymes is utilised by alanine racemase for the conversion of $L$-Alanine to $D$-Alanine?

Pyridoxal phosphate
Thiamine pyrophosphate
Tetrahydrofolate
Flavin mononucleotide

Recategorized: GATE BT 2024 | Question: 15

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:49:56 +0000

Krebs $\text{(TCA)}$ cycle is $\_\_\_\_\_\_$ pathway.

only an anabolic
only a catabolic
an amphibolic
a pyogenic

Recategorized: GATE BT 2024 | Question: 23

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:49:35 +0000

The degree of reduction (reductance) for oxalic acid $\left(\mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{O}_4\right)$ is $\_\_\_\_\_\_$.

Recategorized: GATE BT 2024 | Question: 27

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:49:14 +0000

Match the industrial enzyme (Column I) with its application (Column II).

\begin{array}{|c|c|c|}
\hline \text{Column I} & \text{Column II} \\
\hline \text{P. Lipase} & 1. \text{Maltose syrup production} \\
\hline \text{Q. Ficin} & 2. \text{Oil degradation} \\
\hline \text{R. Amylase} & 3. \text{Oligosaccharide/monosaccharide production} \\
\hline \text{S. Glucosidase} & 4. \text{Meat tenderization} \\
\hline
\end{array}

$\text{P-3; Q-4; R-2; S-1}$
$\text{P-2; Q-4; R-1; S-3}$
$\text{P-2; Q-3; R-1; S-4}$
$\text{P-1; Q-2; R-4; S-3}$

Recategorized: GATE BT 2024 | GA | Question: 8

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:47:33 +0000

The pie chart presents the percentage contribution of different macronutrients to a typical $2,000$ $\mathrm{kcal}$ diet of a person.

The typical energy density $(\mathrm{kcal} / \mathrm{g})$ of these macronutrients is given in the table.
\begin{array}{|l|c|}
\hline \text{Macronutrient} & \text{Energy density (kcal/g)} \\
\hline \text{Carbohydrates} & 4 \\
\hline \text{Proteins} & 4 \\
\hline \text{Unsaturated fat} & 9 \\
\hline \text{Saturated fat} & 9 \\
\hline \text{Trans fat} & 9 \\
\hline
\end{array}

The total fat (all three types), in grams, this person consumes is

$44.4$
$77.8$
$100$
$3,600$

Recategorized: GATE BT 2023 | Question: 44

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:44:23 +0000

An enzyme (E) catalyzes the biochemical reaction $A \rightarrow B$ with $k_{c a t}$ equal to $500 s^{-1}$. If the initial reaction velocity $\left(V_{0}\right)$ is $10 \mu M . s^{-1}$ at the total enzyme concentration $\left[E_{t}\right]$ of $30 n M$ and substrate concentration $[\mathrm{A}]$ of $40 \mu M$, the value of $K_{m}($ in $\mu M)$ is ______________.

Recategorized: GATE BT 2022 | Question: 9

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:43:48 +0000

Which of the following statements about reversible enzyme inhibitors are $\text{CORRECT}?$

Uncompetitive inhibitors bind only to the enzyme-substrate complex
Non-competitive inhibitors bind only at a different site from the substrate
Competitive inhibitors bind to the same site as the substrate

$\text{P}$ and $\text{Q}$ only
$\text{P}$ and $\text{R}$ only
$\text{Q}$ and $\text{R}$ only
$\text{P, Q}$ and $\text{R}$

Recategorized: GATE BT 2021 | Question: 14

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:40:06 +0000

A protein without its prosthetic group is known as

apoprotein
hemoprotein
holoprotein
lipoprotein

Recategorized: GATE BT 2021 | Question: 37

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:39:32 +0000

Which of the following chemical messenger(s) is/are derivative(s) of tryptophan?

$\gamma$-amino butyric acid
Indole acetic acid
Melatonin
Serotonin

Recategorized: GATE2020: 39

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:37:53 +0000

Which of the following strategies are used by cells for metabolic regulation?

Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation
Allostery
Feedback inhibition

$P$ and $Q$ only
$P$ and $R$ only
$Q$ and $R$ only
$P, Q$ and $R$

Recategorized: GATE2020: 55

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:37:16 +0000

The mitochondrial electron transfer chain oxidizes $NADH$ with oxygen being the terminal electron acceptor. The redox potentials for the two half-reactions are given below:

$$NAD^{+}+H^{+}+2e^{-}\rightarrow NADH,E^{0}{}'=-0.32V$$

$$\frac{1}{2}O_{2}+2H^{+}+2e^{-}\rightarrow H_{2O},E^{0}{}'=0.816V$$

The free energy change associated with the transfer of electrons from $NADH$ to $O_{2}$ is _________________ $kJ/mol$ (round off to $2$ decimal places).

Given: $F=96500\:C$/mol.

Recategorized: GATE2020: 6

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:37:10 +0000

Vincristine and vinblastine, two commercially important secondary metabolites from $Catharanthus\; roseus$, are examples of

alkaloids
flavonoids
terpenoids
steroids

Recategorized: GATE2020: 19

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:36:23 +0000

The elemental composition of dry biomass of a yeast species is $CH_{1.6}O_{0.4}N_{0.2}S_{0.0024}P_{0.017}$. The contribution of carbon to the dry biomass is _________ $\%$ (round off to $2$ decimal places).

[Given: atomic weights of $H,\:C,\:N,\:O,\:P$ and $S$ are $1,\:12,\:14,\:16,\:31$ and $32$, respectively]

Recategorized: GATE2019: 26

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:36:17 +0000

In general, which one of the following statements is $NOT \;CORRECT$?

Hydrogen bonds result from electrostatic interactions
Hydrogen bonds contribute to the folding energy of proteins
Hydrogen bonds are weaker than van der Waals interactions
Hydrogen bonds are directional

Recategorized: GATE2019: 23

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:36:10 +0000

The degree of reduction for acetic acid $\left ( C_{2} H_{4}O_{2}\right )$ is ____________.

Recategorized: GATE2019: 37

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:35:24 +0000

Which one of the following amino acid residues will destabilize an $\alpha$-helix when inserted in the middle of the helix?

Recategorized: GATE2019: 14

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:33:57 +0000

Which one of the following statements is $CORRECT$ for enzyme catalyzed reactions? ( $\Delta G$ is Gibbs free energy change, $K_{eq}$ is equilibrium constant)

Enzymes affect $\Delta G$, but not $K_{eq}$
Enzymes affect $K_{eq}$, but not $\Delta G$
Enzymes affect both $\Delta G$ and $K_{eq}$
Enzymes do not affect $\Delta G$ or $K_{eq}$

Retagged: GATE2018-6

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:33:23 +0000

Which of the following components constitute a molecular mechanics force field?

Bond stretching
Bond angle bending
Torsional bond rotation
Non-bonded interactions

P and Q only
P, Q and R only
P, Q and S only
P, Q, R and S

Recategorized: GATE BT 2017 | Question: 2

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:33:10 +0000

Natural proteins are composed primarily of $20$ $\alpha$-amino acids. Which one of the following statements is true for any of these amino acids in a solution of pH $1.5$?

Only the amino group is ionized.
Only the carboxylic acid group is ionized.
Both amino and carboxylic acid groups are ionized.
Both amino and carboxylic acid groups are neutral.

Recategorized: GATE BT 2017 | Question: 1

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:33:07 +0000

An enzyme catalyzes a reaction by

decreasing the energy of the substrate.
decreasing the activation energy of the reaction.
decreasing product stability.
increasing the activation barrier of the reaction.

Recategorized: GATE BT 2017 | Question: 21

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:32:34 +0000

An enzymatic reaction exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics. For this reaction, on doubling the concentration of enzyme while maintaining $[S]>>[E_0]$

both $K_m$ and $V_{\text{max}}$ will remain the same
$K_m$ will remain the same but $V_{\text{max}}$ will increase.
$K_m$ will increase but $V_{\text{max}}$ will remain the same.
both $K_m$ and $V_{\text{max}}$ increase.

Recategorized: GATE BT 2017 | Question: 32

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:31:54 +0000

Which one of the following amino acids has three ionizable groups?

Glycine
Leucine
Valine
Lysine

Recategorized: GATE BT 2017 | Question: 46

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:31:20 +0000

If the chemical composition of proteins in an organism is $CH_{1.5}O_{0.3}N_{0.3}S_{0.004}$, the mass percentage of carbon in the protein is __________

Given data: Atomic weights $(Da)$ of $C=12, H=1, O=16, N=14$, and $S=32$.

Recategorized: GATE2016-10

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:30:30 +0000

Disaccharide molecules that contain $\beta( 1 –\blacktriangleright 4)$ glycosidic linkage are

sucrose and maltose
sucrose and isomaltose
maltose and isomaltose
lactose and cellobiose

Recategorized: GATE2016-14

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:30:00 +0000

Which one of the following statements is NOT true?

In competitive inhibition, substrate and inhibitor compete for the same active site of an enzyme
Addition of a large amount of substrate to an enzyme cannot overcome uncompetitive inhibition
A transition state analogue in enzyme catalyzed reaction increases the rate of product formation
In non-competitive inhibition, $K_m$ of an enzyme for its substrate remains constant as the concentration of the inhibitor increases

Recategorized: GATE BT 2015 | Question: 20

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:27:45 +0000

Which one of the following amino acids has the highest probability to be found on the surface of a typical globular protein in aqueous environment?

Recategorized: GATE BT 2015 | Question: 29

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:27:16 +0000

How many different protein sequences of $100$ residues can be generated using $20$ standard amino acids?

$100^{20}$
$100 \times 20$
$20^{100}$
$100! \times 20!$

Recategorized: GATE BT 2015 | Question: 28

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:27:13 +0000

How many $3$-tuples are possible for the following amino acid sequence?

MADCMWDISEASE

$4$
$5$
$11$
$12$

Recategorized: GATE BT 2015 | Question: 38

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:27:01 +0000

Match the compounds in $\text{Group I}$ with the correct entries in $\text{Group II}$.

$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|}\hline & \textbf{Group I} & & \textbf{Group II} \\ \hline P. & \text{Cyanide} & 1. & K^+ \text{ ionophore} \\ \hline Q. & \text{Antimycin A} & 2. & \text{Electron transfer from cytochrome} \\ &&& b \text{ to cytochrome } c_1 \\ \hline R. & \text{Valinomycin} & 3. & F_1 \text{ subunit of ATP synthase} \\ \hline S. & \text{Aurovertin} & 4. & \text{Cytochrome oxidase} \\ \hline && 5. & \text{Adenine nucleotide translocase} \\ \hline \end{array}$

$\text{P-5, Q-2, R-3, S-1}$
$\text{P-5, Q-2, R-1, S-3}$
$\text{P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3}$
$\text{P-4, Q-5, R-3, S-1}$

Recategorized: GATE BT 2015 | Question: 48

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:26:28 +0000

$\textit{Saccharomyces cerevisiae}$ produces ethanol by fermentation. The theoretical yield of ethanol from $2.5$ g of glucose is _________ g.

Retagged: GATE2014-7

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:25:27 +0000

If the dissociation constant for solute-adsorbent binding is $K_D$, the retention time of the solute in a chromatography column

increases with increasing $K_D$
decreases with increasing $K_D$
passes through minimum with increasing $K_D$
is independent of $K_D$

Retagged: GATE2014-17

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:25:18 +0000

The product(s) resulting from the hydrolysis of maltose is/are

a mixture of $\alpha$-D-Glucose and $\beta$-D-Glucose
a mixture of D-Glucose and L-Glucose
$\alpha$-D-Glucose only
$\beta$-D-Glucose only

Retagged: GATE2014-18

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:25:12 +0000

Amino acid residue which is most likely to be found in the interior of water-soluble globular proteins is

Threonine
Aspartic acid
Valine
Histidine

Retagged: GATE2014-24

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:24:54 +0000

The reactions leading to the formation of amino acids from the TCA cycle intermediates are

carboxylation
isomerization
transamination
decarboxylation

Recategorized: GATE BT 2013 | Question: 49

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:23:26 +0000

A solution was prepared by dissolving $\text{100 mg}$ of protein $X$ in $\text{100 ml}$ of water. Molecular weight of protein $X$ is $\text{15,000 Da};$ Avogadro’s number = $6.022\times 10^{23}$.

The number of molecules present in this solution is

$40.15\times10^{19}$
$6.023\times10^{19}$
$4.015\times10^{19}$
$0.08\times10^{19}$

Retagged: GATE BT 2013 | Question: 33

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:22:44 +0000

Match the herbicides in $\text{Group I}$ with the target enzymes in $\text{Group II}$

$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline & \text{Group I} && \text{Group II} \\ \hline P. & \text{Glyphosate} & 1. & \text{Nitrilase} \\ \hline Q. & \text{Bromoxynil} & 2. & \text{Acetolactatesynthetase} \\ \hline R. & \text{Sulphonylureas} & 3. & \text{Dehalogenase} \\ \hline S. & \text{Dalapon} & 4. & \text{5-Enolpyruvyl shikimate3-phosphate} \\ &&& \text{synthase} \\ \hline \end{array}$

$\text{P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3}$
$\text{P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3}$
$\text{P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1}$
$\text{P-3, Q-2, R-4, S-1}$

Retagged: GATE BT 2013 | Question: 32

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:22:41 +0000

Match the entries in $\text{Group I}$ with the enzymes in $\text{Group II}$.

$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline & \text{Group I} && \text{Group II} \\ \hline P. & \text{NAD}^+ & 1. & \text{Glutathione peroxidase} \\ \hline Q. & \text{Selenium} & 2. & \text{Nitrogenase} \\ \hline R. & \text{Pyridoxal phosphate} & 3. & \text{Lactate dehydrogenase} \\ \hline S. & \text{Molybdenum} & 4. & \text{Glycogen phosphorylase} \\ \hline \end{array}$

$\text{P-3, Q-2, R-4, S-1}$
$\text{P-4, Q-1, R-3, S-2}$
$\text{P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2}$
$\text{P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1}$