GATE Overflow for GATE BT - Recent activity in Immunology

Edited: GATE BT 2026 | Question: 27

Tue, 17 Mar 2026 07:04:32 +0000

Match the immunological terms in $\textbf{Column I}$ with their function/description in the $\textbf{Column II}$

\[
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline
\textbf{Column I} & \textbf{Column II} \\
\hline
\text{P. } J\ \text{gene} & 1.\ \text{Suppresses immune system by blocking calcineurin} \\
\hline
\text{Q. Cyclosporin} & 2.\ \text{Antibody binding site on a large molecule} \\
\hline
\text{R. Epitope} & 3.\ \text{Small foreign molecule which elicits an immune response only} \\
& \text{when combined with a carrier molecule} \\
\hline
\text{S. Hapten} & 4.\ \text{Contributes to antibody diversity} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\]

$\text{P-3; Q-4; R-2; S-1}$
$\text{P-2; Q-4; R-1; S-3}$
$\text{P-4; Q-1; R-2; S-3}$
$\text{P-1; Q-3; R-4; S-2}$

Answered: GATE2014-20

Thu, 07 Aug 2025 17:48:30 +0000

innatee immunity

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 29

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 13:25:48 +0000

Correctly match the type of Hypersensitivity reaction with its respective Example.
$$\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline \textbf{Hypersensitivity reaction} & \textbf{Example} \\
\hline \text{P. Type I} & 1. \text{Tuberculin reaction} \\
\hline \text{Q. Type II} & 2. \text{Arthus reaction} \\
\hline \text{R. Type III} & 3. \text{Chronic urticaria} \\
\hline \text{S. Type IV} & 4. \text{Systemic anaphylaxis} \\
\hline
\end{array}$$

$\mathrm{P}-3 ; \mathrm{Q}-4 ; \mathrm{R}-2 ; \mathrm{S}-1$
$\mathrm{P}-4 ; \mathrm{Q}-3 ; \mathrm{R}-1 ; \mathrm{S}-2$
$\mathrm{P}-4 ; \mathrm{Q}-3 ; \mathrm{R}-2 ; \mathrm{S}-1$
$\mathrm{P}-2 ; \mathrm{Q}-3 ; \mathrm{R}-4 ; \mathrm{S}-1$

Edited: GATE BT 2025 | Question: 5

Wed, 30 Apr 2025 19:34:11 +0000

The diversity in $T$-cell receptors is generated by

gene rearrangements
somatic hypermutation of rearranged $V$ region
gene conversion
class switching

Recategorized: GATE BT 2024 | Question: 8

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:50:13 +0000

$2$-mercaptoethanol breaks the $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ covalent bond between light and heavy chains of an immunoglobulin molecule.

$\text{C-N}$
$\text{N-O}$
$\text{S-C}$
$\text{S-S}$

Recategorized: GATE BT 2023 | Question: 7

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:46:29 +0000

Dendritic cells are involved in cross-presentation of antigens. Which of the following protein(s) is(are) required for cross-presentation?

P. Basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor $3$ (BATF3)
Q. Membrane associated ring-CH-type finger $1$ (MARCH-1)
R. Solute carrier family $10$ member $1$ (SLC10A1)
S. Class II-associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP)

$\text{P}$ only
$\text{P}$ and $\mathrm{R}$ only
$\mathrm{P}, \mathrm{Q}$ and $\mathrm{R}$ only
$\text{S}$ only

Recategorized: GATE BT 2023 | Question: 6

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:46:26 +0000

Which one of the following drugs is NOT an immune checkpoint inhibitor?

Ipilimumab
Pembrolizumab
Nivolumab
Trastuzumab

Recategorized: GATE BT 2023 | Question: 8

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:46:20 +0000

Which one of the following is required for the development of B-cells in the bone marrow?

Stromal cells
Dendritic cells
Kupffer cells
NK cells

Recategorized: GATE BT 2023 | Question: 26

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:45:27 +0000

Match the immune tolerance mechanisms in Group I with their respective outcomes in Group II.

Group I	Group II
P. Anergy	1. Elimination of activated T-cells after antigen clearance
Q. Activation-induced cell death	2. Inhibition of auto-reactive T-cells at periphery
R. Receptor editing	3. Unresponsiveness to antigens due to lack of co-stimulatory molecules
S. Regulatory T-cells	4. Elimination of auto-reactive B-cells

$\text{P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2}$
$\text{P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2}$
$\text{P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1}$
$\text{P-3, Q-2, R-4, S-1}$

Recategorized: GATE BT 2022 | Question: 28

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:42:38 +0000

Match the cell type (Column I) with its function (Column II).

$$\begin{array} {lll} \textbf{Column I} & & \textbf{Column II} \\ \text{P. B cells} & & \text{1. Humoral immunity} \\ \text{Q. Neutrophils} & & \text{2. Cytotoxicity} \\ \text{R. T cells} & & \text{3. Histamine-associated allergy} \\ \text{S. Mast cells} & & \text{4. Phagocytosis}\end{array}$$

$\text{P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4}$
$\text{P-1, Q-4, R-2, S-3}$
$\text{P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2}$
$\text{P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1}$

Recategorized: GATE BT 2021 | Question: 7

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:40:30 +0000

Which one of the following statements is $\text{INCORRECT}$ about hybridoma production?

Hybridoma cella can use hypoxanthine and thymidine
$\text{DNA}$ synthesis in myeloma cells is blocked by aminopterin
Hybridoma cells are made to produce polyclonal antibodies
Polyethylene glycol is used to fuse myeloma cells to $B$-cells

Recategorized: GATE BT 2021 | Question: 30

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:39:55 +0000

Match hypersensitivity types in $\text{Group I}$ with their corresponding condition in $\text{Group II}$.

$$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline & \textbf{Group I} && \textbf{Group II} \\ \hline P. & \text{Type I} & 1. & \text{Erythroblastosis fetalis} \\ \hline Q. & \text{Type II} & 2. & \text{Host reaction to bee venom} \\ \hline R. & \text{Type III} & 3. & \text{Systemic lupus erythematosus} \\ \hline S. & \text{Type IV} & 4. & \text{Tuberculin reaction} \\ \hline \end{array}$$

$P-2, Q-3, R-1, S-4$
$P-3, Q-1, R-4, S-2$
$P-2, Q-3, R-4, S-1$
$P-2, Q-1, R-3, S-4$

Recategorized: GATE BT 2021 | Question: 29

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:39:52 +0000

Match the autoimmune diseases in $\text{Group I}$ with the corresponding primarily affected organ in $\text{Group II}$.

$$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline & \textbf{Group I} && \textbf{Group II} \\ \hline P. & \text{Hashimoto’s disease} & 1. & \text{Brain} \\ \hline Q. & \text{Juvenile diabetes} & 2. & \text{Pancreas} \\ \hline R. & \text{Multiple sclerosis} & 3. & \text{Skeletal muscle} \\ \hline S. & \text{Myasthenia gravis} & 4. & \text{Thyroid} \\ \hline \end{array}$$

$P-1, Q-2, R-3, S-4$
$P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4$
$P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3$
$P-1, Q-2, R-4, S-3$

Recategorized: GATE2020: 28

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:37:59 +0000

Which of the following statements about immune response are $CORRECT$?

$T$ cells are activated by antigen-presenting cells
Foreign peptides are not presented to helper $T$ cells by Class $II$ $MHC$ proteins
Dendritic cells are referred to as professional antigen- presenting cells

$P$ and $R$ only
$P$ and $Q$ only
$Q$ and $R$ only
$P, Q$ and $R$

Recategorized: GATE2020: 4

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:36:56 +0000

Which class of antibody is first made by developing $B$ cells inside bone marrow?

$IgG$
$IgE$
$IgA$
$IgM$

Recategorized: GATE2019: 34

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:35:57 +0000

Antibody-producing hybridoma cells are generated by the fusion of a

$T$ cell with a myeloma cell
$B$ cell with a myeloma cell
macrophage with a myeloma cell
$T$ cell and a $B$ cell

Recategorized: GATE2019: 10

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:33:51 +0000

Which one of the following is $NOT$ a part of the human nonspecific defense system?

Interferon
Mucous
Saliva
Antibody

Retagged: GATE2018-38

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:33:44 +0000

A pedigree of an inheritable disease is shown below.

What type of inheritance does the disease follow?

Autosomal dominant
X-linked dominant
X-linked recessive
Autosomal recessive

Retagged: GATE2018-33

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:33:39 +0000

Which one of the following statements is true with regard to processing and presentation of protein antigens?

In the class II MHC pathway, protein antigens in the cytosol are processed by proteasomes
In the class I MHC pathway, extracellular protein antigens are endocytosed into vesicles and processed
In the class I MHC pathway, transporter associated antigen processing (TAP) protein is required for translocating processed peptides generated in the cytosol
Invariant chain in endoplasmic reticulum is involved in transport of peptides and loading of class I MHC

Retagged: GATE2018-32

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:33:37 +0000

Which one of the combinations of the following statements is true about antibody structure?

Limited proteolysis of rabbit IgG with the enzyme pepsin generates two antigen-binding regions (Fab) and an Fc fragment.
Limited proteolysis of rabbit IgG with the enzyme papain generates a single bivalent antigen-binding region F(ab')$_2$ and peptide fragments.
The Fc fragment of IgG can self-associate and crystallize into a lattice.
The F(ab')$_2$ fragment of IgG is composed of both light and heavy chains.

P and Q only
P and R only
R and S only
Q and S only

Retagged: GATE2018-30

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:33:35 +0000

Which one of the following amino acids is catalyzed by activated macrophages to produce reactive nitrogen species?

Arginine
Asparagine
Cysteine
Histidine

Retagged: GATE2018-27

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:33:31 +0000

Which of the following cytokines are endogenous pylogens?

Tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$
Interleukin-$1$
Transforming growth factor-$\beta$
Interleukin-$10$

P and Q only
P and R only
R and S only
Q and S only

Recategorized: GATE BT 2017 | Question: 7

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:33:21 +0000

Which one of the following mechanisms is used by human pathogens to evade host immune responses?

Somatic hypermutation
Antibody production
Antigenic variation
Complement activation

Recategorized: GATE BT 2017 | Question: 13

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:33:01 +0000

Macrophages eliminate pathogenic bacteria upon activation by

NK cells
basophils
CD$4+$ T cells
plasma cells

Recategorized: GATE BT 2017 | Question: 12

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:32:58 +0000

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used for

quantifying antibody levels in blood
determining the molecular weight of an antigen
purifying proteins from biological ﬂuids
determining the molecular weight of an antibody

Recategorized: GATE BT 2017 | Question: 40

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:31:39 +0000

An immunocompetent person becomes infected with a pathogenic strain of bacteria. Which one of the following graphs correctly depicts bacterial load in this person over time?

Recategorized: GATE BT 2017 | Question: 55

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:31:04 +0000

Which of the following conditions promote the development of human autoimmune disorders?

Inability to eliminate self-reactive lymphocytes
Generation of auto-antibodies
Ability to eliminate self-reactive T-cells
Induction of regulatory T-cells in the thymus

Recategorized: GATE2016-11

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:29:52 +0000

Junctional diversity of antibody molecules results from

the addition of switch region nucleotides
the addition of N and P nucleotides
the joining of V, D and J segments
mutations in complementarity-determining regions

Recategorized: GATE2016-37

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:29:22 +0000

Find the INCORRECT combination

Surface immunoglobulins – B cell antigen receptor
Affinity maturation - isotype switching
Fc region of antibodies – binding to complement proteins
Spleen, the secondary lymphoid organ – no connection with the lymphatic system

Recategorized: GATE2016-38

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:28:47 +0000

Which of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT for antigen activated effector T cells?

$CD4^+$ cells make contact with macrophages and stimulate their microbicidal activity.
$CD4^+$ cells make contact with B cells and stimulate them to differentiate into plasma cells.
$CD8^+$ cells make contact with B cells and stimulate them to differentiate into plasma cells.
$CD8^+$ cells make contact with virus infected cells and kill them

$Q$ only
$Q$ and $S$ only
$P, Q$ and $S$ only
$P, Q, R$ and $S$

Recategorized: GATE BT 2015 | Question: 11

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:28:07 +0000

Which one of the following complement proteins is the initiator of the membrane attack complex

$C3a$
$C3b$
$C5a$
$C5b$

Recategorized: GATE BT 2015 | Question: 17

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:28:01 +0000

ABO blood group antigens in humans are differentiated from each other on the basis of

sialic acid
lipids
spectrin
glycoproteins

Recategorized: GATE BT 2015 | Question: 16

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:27:59 +0000

Anergy refers to

nitochondrial dysfunction
allergy to environmental antigens
unresponsiveness to antigens
a state of no energy

Recategorized: GATE BT 2015 | Question: 14

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:27:53 +0000

Based on the heavy chain, which one of the following antibodies has multiple subtypes?

Recategorized: GATE BT 2015 | Question: 24

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:27:37 +0000

Production of monoclonal antibodies by hybridoma technology requires

splenocytes
osteocytes
hepatocytes
thymocytes

Recategorized: GATE BT 2015 | Question: 43

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:26:43 +0000

Match the cells in $\text{Group I}$ with their corresponding entries in $\text{Group II}$

$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline & \textbf{Group I} && \textbf{Group II} \\ \hline P. & \text{Mast cells} & 1. & \text{Activation of the complement pathway} \\ \hline Q. & \text{Natural killer cells} & 2. & \text{Expression of CD56} \\ \hline R. & \text{Neutrophils} & 3. & \text{Contains azurophilic granules} \\ \hline S. & \text{Dentritic cells} & 4. & \text{Defense against helminthic infection} \\ \hline && 5. & \text{Production of antibodies specific to bacteria} \\ \hline && 6. & \text{Contains long menbranous projections} \\ \hline \end{array}$

$\text{P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-5}$
$\text{P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-6}$
$\text{P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-5}$
$\text{P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-6}$

Recategorized: GATE BT 2015 | Question: 59

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:26:12 +0000

Three distinct antigens $X, Y$ and $Z$ were used to raise antibodies. Antigen $Z$ was injected in a mouse on day zero followed by the administration of antigens $X$ and $Y$ on day $28$. A second injection of antigen $X$ was administered on day $70$. The antibody titers were monitored in the serum every day and the results are shown below:

Which one of the following statements regarding the antibody titers in the serum is INCORRECT?

$Z$-specic IgG Will be high on day $14$
$X$-specic antibody titer will be high on day $84$
$X$-specific IgG will be high on day $42$
$Y$-specific IgG will be high on day $84$

Retagged: GATE2014-21

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:24:52 +0000

Reactions between antibodies and antigens that are detected by precipitate formation in an agar gel are referred as

immunoprecipitation assay
immunodiffusion assay
immunoaggregation assay
immunofixation assay

Recategorized: GATE2014-46

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:24:03 +0000

Match the immunoglobulin class in $\text{Group I}$ with its properties in $\text{Group II}$

$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline & \textbf{Group I} && \textbf{Group II} \\ \hline P. & \text{IgG} & 1. & \text{Major antibody in external sections} \\ &&& \text{such as bronchial mucus} \\ \hline Q. & \text{IgA} & 2. & \text{Protects against parasites} \\ \hline R. & \text{IgE} & 3. & \text{Antibody that appears first in serum} \\ &&& \text{after exposure to an antigen} \\ \hline S. & \text{IgM} & 4. & \text{Antobody present in highest} \\ &&& \text{concentration in serum} \\ \hline \end{array}$

$\text{P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3}$
$\text{P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4}$
$\text{P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-2}$
$\text{P-1, Q-4, R-3, S-2}$

Retagged: GATE BT 2013 | Question: 6

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:21:50 +0000

The role of an adjuvant isto

prolong the persistence of antigen
cross link the antigen
increase the size of antigen
avoid inflammation

Retagged: GATE BT 2013 | Question: 4

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:21:46 +0000

The first humanized monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of breast canceris

Rituximab
Cetuximab
Bevacizumab
Herceptin

Retagged: GATE BT 2013 | Question: 3

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:21:43 +0000

Protein A, which has strong affinity to $F_C$ region of immunoglobulin, is extracted from

$\text{Saccharomyces cerevisiae}$
$\text{Staphylococcus aureus}$
$\text{Streptococcus pyogenes}$
$\text{Streptococcus sanguis}$

Recategorized: GATE BT 2012 | Question: 9

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:19:29 +0000

Heat inactivation of serum is done to inactivate

prions
mycoplasma
complement
pathogenic bacteria

Recategorized: GATE BT 2012 | Question: 8

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:19:26 +0000

Nude mice refers to

mice without skin
mice without thymus
knockout mice
transgenic mice

Recategorized: GATE BT 2012 | Question: 6

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:19:20 +0000

A humanized antibody is one in which the

heavy and light chains are from human
heavy chain is from human and light chain is from mouse
light chain is from human and heavy chain is from mouse
CDRs are from mouse, and the rest is from human

Recategorized: GATE BT 2012 | Question: 5

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:19:18 +0000

B-lymphocytes originate from the bone marrow whereas T-lymphocytes originate from

thymus
bone marrow
spleen
liver

Recategorized: GATE BT 2012 | Question: 4

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:19:15 +0000

Identification of blood groups involves

precipitation
neutralization
opsonization
agglutination

Recategorized: GATE BT 2012 | Question: 3

Mon, 21 Apr 2025 15:19:12 +0000

Idiotypic determinants of an antibody are associated with the

constant region of the heavy chains
constant region of the light chains
variable region
constant regions of light and heavy chains

Recategorized: GATE2018-11

Wed, 17 Mar 2021 14:12:40 +0000

Which one of the following is NOT a principal component of innate immunity?

Mucosal epithelia
Dendritic cells
Complement system
Memory B-cells

Edited: GATE BT 2013 | Question: 51

Sat, 07 Nov 2020 07:20:40 +0000

Which one of the receptors has the highest affinity for the ligand?

$R1$
$R2$
$R3$
$R4$