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361
GATE2016-34
A crossing was performed between the genotypes $\textit{DdEeFfgg}$ and $\textit{ddEeFfGg}$. Assuming that the allelic pairs of all genes assort independently, the proportion of progeny having the genotype $\textit{ddeeffgg}$ is expected to be _______ $\%$
A crossing was performed between the genotypes $\textit{DdEeFfgg}$ and $\textit{ddEeFfGg}$. Assuming that the allelic pairs of all genes assort independently, the proport...
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GATE2016-35
The equilibrium potential of a biological membrane for $Na^+$ is $55$ mV at $37^\circ$ C. Concentration of $Na^+$ inside the cell is $20$ mM. Assuming the membrane is permeable to $Na^+$ only, the $Na^+$ concentration outside the membrane will be __________mM. (Faraday constant: $23062 \text{ cal} \cdot V^{-1}\cdot \text{mol}^{-1}$, Gas constant: $1.98 \text{ cal.mol}^{-1}.K^{-1}$)
The equilibrium potential of a biological membrane for $Na^+$ is $55$ mV at $37^\circ$ C. Concentration of $Na^+$ inside the cell is $20$ mM. Assuming the membrane is per...
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363
GATE2016-36
A $1.2$ kb DNA fragment was cloned into $\textit{Bam}$HI and $\textit{Eco}$RI sites located on a $2.8$ kb cloning vector. The $\textit{Bam}$HI and $\textit{Eco}$RI sites are adjacent to each other on the vector backbone. The vector contains an $\textit{XhoI}$ site located $300$ ... to: $2800$, $700$ and $500$ $2800$, $700$ and $800$ $2500$, $700$ and $800$ $2500$, $1200$ and $300$
A $1.2$ kb DNA fragment was cloned into $\textit{Bam}$HI and $\textit{Eco}$RI sites located on a $2.8$ kb cloning vector. The $\textit{Bam}$HI and $\textit{Eco}$RI sites ...
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GATE2016-37
Find the INCORRECT combination Surface immunoglobulins – B cell antigen receptor Affinity maturation - isotype switching Fc region of antibodies – binding to complement proteins Spleen, the secondary lymphoid organ – no connection with the lymphatic system
Find the INCORRECT combinationSurface immunoglobulins – B cell antigen receptorAffinity maturation - isotype switchingFc region of antibodies – binding to complement ...
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365
GATE2016-38
Which of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT for antigen activated effector T cells? $CD4^+$ cells make contact with macrophages and stimulate their microbicidal activity. $CD4^+$ cells make contact with B cells and stimulate them to differentiate into plasma cells. $CD8^+$ cells make contact with B ... and kill them $Q$ only $Q$ and $S$ only $P, Q$ and $S$ only $P, Q, R$ and $S$
Which of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT for antigen activated effector T cells?$CD4^+$ cells make contact with macrophages and stimulate their microbicidal act...
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366
GATE2016-39
Which one of the following statements regarding G proteins is INCORRECT? GDP is bound to G protein in the resting stage GTP bound $\alpha$ subunit cannot reassemble with $\beta \gamma$ dimer All G proteins are trimeric Activation of G protein may result in activation or inhibition of the target enzymes
Which one of the following statements regarding G proteins is INCORRECT?GDP is bound to G protein in the resting stageGTP bound $\alpha$ subunit cannot reassemble with $\...
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367
GATE2016-40
In animal cell culture, a CO$_2$ enriched atmosphere in the incubator chamber is used to maintain the culture pH between $6.9$ and $7.4$. Which one of the following statements is CORRECT? Higher the bicarbonate concentration in the medium, higher ... the medium, lower should be the requirement of gaseous CO$_2$ CO$_2$ requirement is independent of bicarbonate concentration in the medium
In animal cell culture, a CO$_2$ enriched atmosphere in the incubator chamber is used to maintain the culture pH between $6.9$ and $7.4$. Which one of the following state...
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368
GATE2016-41
Choose the CORRECT combination of True (T) and False (F) statements about microcarriers used in animal cell culture. Higher cell densities can be achieved using microcarriers Microcarriers increase the surface area for cell growth. Microcarriers are used for both anchorage - and nonanchorage-dependent cells Absence of ... $\text{P-F, Q-T, R-F and S-T}$
Choose the CORRECT combination of True (T) and False (F) statements about microcarriers used in animal cell culture.Higher cell densities can be achieved using microcarri...
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GATE2016-42
In an assay of the type II dehydroquinase of molecular mass $18$ kDa, it is found that the $V_{\text{max}}$ of the enzyme is $0.0134 \: \mu \text{ mol} \cdot \text{min}^{-1}$ when $1.8 \: \mu g$ enzyme is added to the assay mixture. If the $K_m$ for the substrate is $25 \: \mu M$, the $k_{\text{cat}}/K_m$ ratio will be _______ $\times 10^4 \: M^{-1} \cdot s^{-1}$
In an assay of the type II dehydroquinase of molecular mass $18$ kDa, it is found that the $V_{\text{max}}$ of the enzyme is $0.0134 \: \mu \text{ mol} \cdot \text{min}^{...
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GATE2016-43
The molar extinction coeffcients of Trp and Tyr at $280$ nm are $5690$ and $1280 \: M^{-1} \cdot cm^{-1}$, respectively. The polypeptide chain of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase ($37$ kDa) contains $5$ Trp and $14$ Tyr residues. ... pathlength will be _________ (Assume that the molar extinction coefficient values for Trp and Tyr apply to these amino acids inthe yeast alcohol dehydrogenase).
The molar extinction coeffcients of Trp and Tyr at $280$ nm are $5690$ and $1280 \: M^{-1} \cdot cm^{-1}$, respectively. The polypeptide chain of yeast alcohol dehydrogen...
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GATE2016-44
The activity of lactate dehydrogenase can be measured by monitoring the following reaction: $\text{Pyruvate} + \text{NADH} \rightarrow \text{Lactate} + \text{NAD}^+$ The molar extinction coefficient of NADH at $340$ nm is $6220 \: M^{-1} \cdot cm^{-1}. NAD^+$ does not ... $\mu \text{mol.min}^{-1}.mg^{-1}$
The activity of lactate dehydrogenase can be measured by monitoring the following reaction: $$\text{Pyruvate} + \text{NADH} \rightarrow \text{Lactate} + \text{NAD}^+$$ Th...
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GATE2016-45
Analysis of a hexapeptide using enzymatic cleavage reveals the following result: Amino acid composition of the peptide is: $2R, A, V, S, Y$ Trypsin digestion yields two fragments and the compositions are: $(R A,V)$ and $(R, S, Y)$ Chymotrypsin digestion yields ... peptide. The correct amino acid sequence of the peptide is $\text{RSYRVA}$ $\text{AVRYSR}$ $\text{SRYVAR}$ $\text{SVRRYA}$
Analysis of a hexapeptide using enzymatic cleavage reveals the following result:Amino acid composition of the peptide is: $2R, A, V, S, Y$Trypsin digestion yields two fra...
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GATE2016-46
The empirical formula for biomass of an unknown organism is $CH_{1.8}O_{0.5}N_{0.2}$. To grow this organism, ethanol $(C_2H_5OH)$ and ammonia are used as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Assume no product formation other than biomass. To produce $1$ mole of biomass from $1$ mole of ethanol, the number of moles of oxygen required will be __________
The empirical formula for biomass of an unknown organism is $CH_{1.8}O_{0.5}N_{0.2}$. To grow this organism, ethanol $(C_2H_5OH)$ and ammonia are used as carbon and nitro...
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GATE2016-47
$\textit{Saccharomyces cerevisiae}$ is cultured in a chemostat (continuous fermentation) at a dilution rate of $0.5 \: h^{-1}$. The feed substrate concentration is $10 \: g \cdot L^{-1}$. The biomass concentration in the chemostat at steady state will be _________ $g \cdot L^{-1}$. ... $K_s = 0.3 \: g \cdot L^{-1}$ and $s$ is substrate concentration $(g \cdot L^{-1})$.
$\textit{Saccharomyces cerevisiae}$ is cultured in a chemostat (continuous fermentation) at a dilution rate of $0.5 \: h^{-1}$. The feed substrate concentration is $10 \:...
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GATE2016-48
Decimal reduction time of bacterial spores is $23$ min at $121 ^\circ C$ and the death kinetics follow first order. One liter medium containing $10^5$ spores per $mL$ was sterilized for $10$ min at $121^\circ C$ in a batch sterilizer. ... in the medium after sterilization (assuming destruction of spores in heating and cooling period is negligible) will be _________ $\times 10^7$.
Decimal reduction time of bacterial spores is $23$ min at $121 ^\circ C$ and the death kinetics follow first order. One liter medium containing $10^5$ spores per $mL$ was...
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GATE2016-49
A bioreactor is scaled up based on equal impeller tip speed. Consider the following parameters for small and large bioreactors: ... regime, what will be $P_2/ P_1$ $(D_1/D_2)^2$ $(D_2/D_1)^2$ $(D_1/D_2)^5$ $(D_2/D_1)^5$
A bioreactor is scaled up based on equal impeller tip speed. Consider the following parameters for small and large bioreactors: $$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline \textbf...
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GATE2016-50
An enzyme converts substrate $A$ to product $B$. At a given liquid feed stream of o rate $25$ L.min$^{-1}$ and feed substrate concentration of $2$ mol.L$^{-1}$, the volume of continuous stirred tank reactor needed for $95 \%$ ... $^{-1}$. Assumptions: Enzyme concentration is contant and does not undergo any deactivation during the reaction
An enzyme converts substrate $A$ to product $B$. At a given liquid feed stream of o rate $25$ L.min$^{-1}$ and feed substrate concentration of $2$ mol.L$^{-1}$, the volum...
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GATE2016-51
A protein is to be purified using ion-exchange column chromatography. The relationship between HETP (Height Equivalent to Theoretical Plate) and the linear liquid velocity of mobile phase is given by: $H = \dfrac{A}{u} + Bu + C$ Where $H$ is HETP (m) and ... $66$ cm length will be _________
A protein is to be purified using ion-exchange column chromatography. The relationship between HETP (Height Equivalent to Theoretical Plate) and the linear liquid velocit...
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GATE2016-52
An enzyme is immobilized on the surface of a non-porous spherical particle of $2$ mm diameter. The immobilized enzyme is suspended in a solution having bulk substrate concentration of $10$ mM. The enzyme follows first order kinetics with rate constant $10 s^{-1}$ and ... $(mmol.L^{-1}.s^{-1} )$. The substrate concentration at the surface of the immobilized particle will be ________ mM.
An enzyme is immobilized on the surface of a non-porous spherical particle of $2$ mm diameter. The immobilized enzyme is suspended in a solution having bulk substrate con...
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GATE2016-55
Consider the equation $V=\dfrac{aS}{b+S+\dfrac{S^2}{c}}$ Given $a = 4$, $b = 1$ and $c = 9$, the positive value of $S$ at which $V$ is maximum, will be _________
Consider the equation$V=\dfrac{aS}{b+S+\dfrac{S^2}{c}}$Given $a = 4$, $b = 1$ and $c = 9$, the positive value of $S$ at which $V$ is maximum, will be _________
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GATE2017-1
An enzyme catalyzes a reaction by decreasing the energy of the substrate. decreasing the activation energy of the reaction. decreasing product stability. increasing the activation barrier of the reaction.
An enzyme catalyzes a reaction bydecreasing the energy of the substrate.decreasing the activation energy of the reaction.decreasing product stability.increasing the activ...
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GATE2017-2
Natural proteins are composed primarily of $20$ $\alpha$-amino acids. Which one of the following statements is true for any of these amino acids in a solution of pH $1.5$? Only the amino group is ionized. Only the carboxylic acid group is ionized. Both amino and carboxylic acid groups are ionized. Both amino and carboxylic acid groups are neutral.
Natural proteins are composed primarily of $20$ $\alpha$-amino acids. Which one of the following statements is true for any of these amino acids in a solution of pH $1.5$...
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GATE2017-3
Which one of the following organisms is an indicator of fecal contamination? $\textit{Escherichia coli}$ $\textit{Streptococcus lactis}$ $\textit{Bacillus subtilis}$ $\textit{Lactobacillus acidophilus}$
Which one of the following organisms is an indicator of fecal contamination?$\textit{Escherichia coli}$$\textit{Streptococcus lactis}$$\textit{Bacillus subtilis}$$\textit...
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GATE2017-5
In a thin layer chromatography experiment using a silica gel plate, a compound showed migration of $12.5$ cm and the solvent front showed migration of $18$ cm. The $R_f$ value for the compound is ______
In a thin layer chromatography experiment using a silica gel plate, a compound showed migration of $12.5$ cm and the solvent front showed migration of $18$ cm. The $R_f$ ...
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GATE2017-6
$\underset{x \to 0}{\lim} \dfrac{\sin(x)}{x}$ is ________
$\underset{x \to 0}{\lim} \dfrac{\sin(x)}{x}$ is ________
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GATE2017-7
Which one of the following mechanisms is used by human pathogens to evade host immune responses? Somatic hypermutation Antibody production Antigenic variation Complement activation
Which one of the following mechanisms is used by human pathogens to evade host immune responses?Somatic hypermutationAntibody productionAntigenic variationComplement acti...
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GATE2017-8
If the nucleotide composition $(\%)$ of a viral genome is $A = 10$, $U = 20$, $C = 40$, and $G = 30$, which one of the following is this genome? Double stranded RNA Single stranded RNA Single stranded DNA Double stranded DNA
If the nucleotide composition $(\%)$ of a viral genome is $A = 10$, $U = 20$, $C = 40$, and $G = 30$, which one of the following is this genome?Double stranded RNASingle ...
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GATE2017-9
Which one of the following techniques can be used to determine the structure of a $15$ kDa globular protein at atomic resolution? Raman spectroscopy IR spectroscopy UV spectroscopy NMR spectroscopy
Which one of the following techniques can be used to determine the structure of a $15$ kDa globular protein at atomic resolution?Raman spectroscopyIR spectroscopyUV spect...
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GATE2017-10
Assertion [a]: Gram negative bacteria show staining with saffranin. Reason [r]: Gram negative bacteria have an outer membrane with lipopolysaccharides. Both [a] and [r] are true and [r] is the correct reason for [a]. Both [a] and [r] are true but [r] is not the correct reason for [a]. Both [a] and [r] are false. [a] is true but [r] is false.
Assertion [a]: Gram negative bacteria show staining with saffranin.Reason [r]: Gram negative bacteria have an outer membrane with lipopolysaccharides.Both [a] and [r] are...
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GATE2017-11
The plant hormone indole-$3$-acetic acid is derived from histidine tyrosine tryptophan proline
The plant hormone indole-$3$-acetic acid is derived fromhistidinetyrosinetryptophanproline
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GATE2017-12
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used for quantifying antibody levels in blood determining the molecular weight of an antigen purifying proteins from biological fluids determining the molecular weight of an antibody
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used forquantifying antibody levels in blooddetermining the molecular weight of an antigenpurifying proteins from biological ...
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392
GATE2017-13
Macrophages eliminate pathogenic bacteria upon activation by NK cells basophils CD$4+$ T cells plasma cells
Macrophages eliminate pathogenic bacteria upon activation byNK cellsbasophilsCD$4+$ T cellsplasma cells
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GATE2017-14
If a protein contains four cysteine residues, the number of different ways they can simultaneously form two intra-molecular disulphide bonds is __________.
If a protein contains four cysteine residues, the number of different ways they can simultaneously form two intra-molecular disulphide bonds is __________.
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GATE2017-15
Secretory proteins synthesized by ER-associated ribosomes traverse through mitochondria peroxisomes the Golgi apparatus the nucleus
Secretory proteins synthesized by ER-associated ribosomes traverse throughmitochondriaperoxisomesthe Golgi apparatusthe nucleus
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GATE2017-17
During protein synthesis, tRNAs are NOT involved in charging initiation elongation termination
During protein synthesis, tRNAs are NOT involved incharginginitiationelongationtermination
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GATE2017-18
In eukaryotes, cytokinesis is inhibited by cytochalasin D vinblastine nocodazole colchicine
In eukaryotes, cytokinesis is inhibited bycytochalasin Dvinblastinenocodazolecolchicine
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GATE2017-19
A proto-oncogene is suspected to have undergone duplication in a certain type of cancer. Of the following techniques, which one would verify the gene duplication? Northern blotting Southern blotting South western blotting Western blotting
A proto-oncogene is suspected to have undergone duplication in a certain type of cancer. Of the following techniques, which one would verify the gene duplication?Northern...
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GATE2017-20
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was set up with the following reagents: DNA template, Taq polymerase, buffer, dNTPs, and Mg$^{2+}$. Which one of the following is missing in the reaction mixture? Helicase Single-stranded binding proteins Primers Reverse transciptase
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was set up with the following reagents: DNA template, Taq polymerase, buffer, dNTPs, and Mg$^{2+}$. Which one of the following is missin...
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GATE2017-21
An enzymatic reaction exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics. For this reaction, on doubling the concentration of enzyme while maintaining $[S]>>[E_0]$ both $K_m$ and $V_{\text{max}}$ will remain the same $K_m$ will remain the same but $V_{\text{max}}$ will increase. $K_m$ will increase but $V_{\text{max}}$ will remain the same. both $K_m$ and $V_{\text{max}}$ increase.
An enzymatic reaction exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics. For this reaction, on doubling the concentration of enzyme while maintaining $[S]>>[E_0]$both $K_m$ and $V_{\tex...
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GATE2017-22
A $5$ liter chemostat is fed fresh medium at $0.2$ liters/minute having a substrate concentration of $25$ grams/liter. At steady state, the outgoing stream has substrate concentration of $2.5$ grams/liter. The rate of consumption (grams/liter/minute) of the substrate in the reactor is __________
A $5$ liter chemostat is fed fresh medium at $0.2$ liters/minute having a substrate concentration of $25$ grams/liter. At steady state, the outgoing stream has substrate ...
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