Recent questions tagged engineering-principles-applied-to-biological-systems

The transfer function of a Proportional-Integral $\text{(PI)}$ controller $G_{C}(s)$ is given by\[G_{C}(s)=K_{C}\left(1+\frac{1}{\tau_{I} s}\right)\]where $K_{C}$ is the ...

In the open-loop process shown in the figure, the input $U(s)$, the transfer function $G_{p}(s)$ and the output $Y(s)$ are given in the Laplace domain in terms of the Lap...

For a Newtonian fluid, a plot of shear stress (on $\text{Y}$ axis) against shear rate (on $\text{X}$ axis) will result in a straight line $\_\_\_\_$.parallel to the $\tex...

In an aerobic fermentation with air sparging, which of the following options can be used to increase the volumetric mass transfer coefficient for oxygen transfer?Using pu...

For a liquid flowing in a circular cross section pipe, the transition from laminar to turbulent flow will NOT depend on which of the following factor(s)?The diameter of t...

For an ideal plug flow reactor, which of the following statements is/are true?It can be approximated by a large number of ideal continuous stirred tank reactors connected...

A heat exchanger during operation in a bioprocess has a steady temperature of $90^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. After completion of its operation, it was shut down and it was obse...

A packed bed bioreactor with length $1 \text{~m}$ and inside diameter $10 \text{~cm}$ has liquid flowing at an interstitial velocity of $1 \mathrm{~cm} \mathrm{~s}^{-1}$....

​​​​A thermometer measuring body temperature follows a first-order response with a time constant of $40$ seconds. The instrument will reach $95 \%$ of its steady-state ou...

The transfer function of a process is $G(s)=\frac{K_{p}}{\tau_{p} s+1}$, where $K_{p}$ is the gain and $\tau_{p}$ is the time constant. This is a $\_\_\_\_\_\_$ process.f...

An evaporator is insulated using glass wool material of $0.15 \mathrm{~m}$ thickness. The inner most surface and the outer surface of the insulation are at $700{ }^{\circ...

Which of the following statements are $\text{CORRECT}$ for a controller?In a proportional controller, a control action is proportional to the errorIn an integral controll...

Consider a piston-cylinder assembly shown in the figure below. The walls of the cylinder are insulated. The cylinder contains $1$ mole of an ideal gas at $300 \; \text{K}...

The process and instrumentation diagram for a feedback control strategy to maintain the level $(h)$ of a liquid by regulating a valve $(V)$ in a tank is shown below. $F_1...

A feed stream $(F_1)$ containing components $A$ and $B$ is processed in a system comprising of separation unit and a mixer as shown below in the schematic diagram. The mo...

Milk flowing through a stainless steel inner tube ($40 \textit{ mm}$ inner diameter) of double tube-type heater is to be heated from $10^\circ C$ to $85^\circ C$ by satur...

The dimensions and operating condition of a lab-scale fermentor are as follows:Volume = $1\:L$Diameter = $20$ cmAgitator speed = $600$ rpmRatio of impeller diameter to fe...

Which one of the following is the unit of heat transfer coefficient?$W\:m^{2}K^{-1}$$W\:m^{-2}K$$W\:m^{-2}K^{-1}$$W\:m^{2}K$

Prandtl number is the ratio ofthermal diffusivity to momentum diffusivitymass diffusivity to momentum diffusivitymomentum diffusivity to thermal diffusivitythermal diffus...

The power required for agitation of non-aerated medium in fermentation is ___________kW.Operating conditions are as follows:Fermentor diameter $= 3$ mNumber of impellers ...

Which one of the following is the most suitable type of impeller for mixing high viscosity (viscosity $ 10^5$ cP) fluids?PropellerHelical ribbonPaddleFlat blade turbine

A bioreactor is scaled up based on equal impeller tip speed. Consider the following parameters for small and large bioreactors: $$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline \textbf...

Since mammalian cells are sensitive to shear, scale-up of a mammalian cell process must consider, among other parameters, the following $\text{(given N=rotations/time, D=...