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$\beta$-Galactosidase bound to DEAE-cellulose is used to hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose in a plug flow bioreactor with a packed bed of volume $100$ liters and a voidage ($\epsilon$) of $0.55$. The $K’_m$ and $V’_m$; for the immobilized enzyme are $0.72 \: gl^{-1}$ and $18 \: gl^{-1}h^{-1}$, respectively. The lactose concentration in the field stream is $20 \: gl^{-1}$, and a fractional conversion of $0.90$ is desired. Diffusional limitations may be ignored.

The feed flow rate required for the above bioconversion will be

  1. $50 \: lh^{-1}$
  2. $55 \: lh^{-1}$
  3. $137 \: lh^{-1}$
  4. $550 \: lh^{-1}$

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