Recent questions and answers in Immunology

Match the immunological terms in $\textbf{Column I}$ with their function/description in the $\textbf{Column II}$\[\begin{array}{|l|l|}\hline\textbf{Column I} & \textbf{Co...

​​​​​The diversity in $T$-cell receptors is generated bygene rearrangementssomatic hypermutation of rearranged $V$ regiongene conversionclass switching

​​​Correctly match the type of Hypersensitivity reaction with its respective Example.$$\begin{array}{|l|l|}\hline \textbf{Hypersensitivity reaction} & \textbf{Example} \\...

$2$-mercaptoethanol breaks the $\_\_\_\_\_\_\_$ covalent bond between light and heavy chains of an immunoglobulin molecule.$\text{C-N}$ $\text{N-O}$$\text{S-C}$$\text{S-S...

Dendritic cells are involved in cross-presentation of antigens. Which of the following protein(s) is(are) required for cross-presentation?P. Basic leucine zipper ATF-like...

Which one of the following is required for the development of B-cells in the bone marrow?Stromal cellsDendritic cellsKupffer cellsNK cells

Match the immune tolerance mechanisms in Group I with their respective outcomes in Group II.Group IGroup IIP. Anergy1. Elimination of activated T-cells after antigen clea...

Match the cell type (Column I) with its function (Column II).$$\begin{array} {lll} \textbf{Column I} & & \textbf{Column II} \\ \text{P. B cells} & & \text{1. Humoral immu...

Which one of the following statements is $\text{INCORRECT}$ about hybridoma production?Hybridoma cella can use hypoxanthine and thymidine$\text{DNA}$ synthesis in myeloma...

Match the autoimmune diseases in $\text{Group I}$ with the corresponding primarily affected organ in $\text{Group II}$.$$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline & \textbf{Group I...

Match hypersensitivity types in $\text{Group I}$ with their corresponding condition in $\text{Group II}$.$$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline & \textbf{Group I} && \textbf{G...

Antibody-producing hybridoma cells are generated by the fusion of a$T$ cell with a myeloma cell$B$ cell with a myeloma cellmacrophage with a myeloma cell$T$ cell and a $B...

Which of the following statements about immune response are $CORRECT$?$T$ cells are activated by antigen-presenting cellsForeign peptides are not presented to helper $T$ ...

Which class of antibody is first made by developing $B$ cells inside bone marrow?$IgG$$IgE$$IgA$$IgM$

Which one of the following is $NOT$ a part of the human nonspecific defense system?InterferonMucousSalivaAntibody

Junctional diversity of antibody molecules results fromthe addition of switch region nucleotidesthe addition of N and P nucleotidesthe joining of V, D and J segmentsmutat...

Find the INCORRECT combinationSurface immunoglobulins – B cell antigen receptorAffinity maturation - isotype switchingFc region of antibodies – binding to complement prot...

Which of the following statement(s) is/are CORRECT for antigen activated effector T cells?$CD4^+$ cells make contact with macrophages and stimulate their microbicidal act...

Which one of the following mechanisms is used by human pathogens to evade host immune responses?Somatic hypermutationAntibody productionAntigenic variationComplement acti...

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used forquantifying antibody levels in blooddetermining the molecular weight of an antigenpurifying proteins from biological ...

Macrophages eliminate pathogenic bacteria upon activation byNK cellsbasophilsCD$4+$ T cellsplasma cells

An immunocompetent person becomes infected with a pathogenic strain of bacteria. Which one of the following graphs correctly depicts bacterial load in this person over ti...

Which of the following conditions promote the development of human autoimmune disorders?Inability to eliminate self-reactive lymphocytesGeneration of auto-antibodiesAbili...

Which one of the following complement proteins is the initiator of the membrane attack complex$C3a$$C3b$$C5a$$C5b$

Based on the heavy chain, which one of the following antibodies has multiple subtypes?IgMIgDIgEIgG

Anergy refers tonitochondrial dysfunctionallergy to environmental antigens unresponsiveness to antigensa state of no energy

ABO blood group antigens in humans are differentiated from each other on the basis ofsialic acidlipidsspectringlycoproteins

Production of monoclonal antibodies by hybridoma technology requiressplenocytesosteocyteshepatocytesthymocytes

Match the cells in $\text{Group I}$ with their corresponding entries in $\text{Group II}$$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline & \textbf{Group I} && \textbf{Group II} \\ \hlin...

Three distinct antigens $X, Y$ and $Z$ were used to raise antibodies. Antigen $Z$ was injected in a mouse on day zero followed by the administration of antigens $X$ and $...

Reactions between antibodies and antigens that are detected by precipitate formation in an agar gel are referred asimmunoprecipitation assayimmunodiffusion assayimmunoagg...

Match the immunoglobulin class in $\text{Group I}$ with its properties in $\text{Group II}$$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|} \hline & \textbf{Group I} && \textbf{Group II} \\ \hl...

Which one of the receptors has the highest affinity for the ligand?$R1$$R2$$R3$$R4$

Common Data for Questions 50 and 51:The binding eciency of three diamt receptorsRL R2 and R3 were tested against a ligand usirequilibrium dialysis, uith a constant concen...

The role of an adjuvant istoprolong the persistence of antigencross link the antigenincrease the size of antigenavoid inflammation

The first humanized monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of breast cancerisRituximabCetuximabBevacizumabHerceptin

Protein A, which has strong affinity to $F_C$ region of immunoglobulin, is extracted from$\text{Saccharomyces cerevisiae}$$\text{Staphylococcus aureus}$$\text{Streptococc...